Thursday, January 23, 2020
Essay --
Sastra merupakan suatu bentuk karya yang tertulis dengan makna dan tujuan tertentu dari pengarangnya. Karya sastra bervariasi bentuknya, ada yang pendek ada yang panjang, ada yang terikat aturan ada yang bebas. Karya sastra tertulis dibuat untuk merekam kejadian yang terjadi pada saat itu di masa lampau. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, makna sastra berkembang dan jenisnya pun beragam. Puisi adalah salah satu cara para penyair untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi sosial pada suatu masa atau era. Sejak dahulu Indonesia sudah terkenal dengan karya-karya sastra yang berbentuk pantun, sajak, gurindam, mantera, syair dan lain sebagainya. Karya-karya ini digunakan untuk berbagai macam kejadian seperti pernikahan, kematian dan acara sosial lainnya. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, berkembanglah pula karya-karya sastra tersebut dan muncullah jenis-jenis puisi baru. Puisi-puisi baru tersebut juga digunakan sebagai salah satu bentuk ekspresi dari seorang sastrawan untuk mengungkapkan perasaan dan pendapat terhadap kondisi sosial yang berlaku di masyarakat. Baik berupa pujian maupun berupa sindiran atau protes. Karya sastra merupakan potret sejarah yang mencerminkan kondisi sosial masyarakat, politik, ekonomi dan budaya yang terjadi pada saat itu. Puisi yang akan dibahas dibuat pada tahun 1978 pada masa awal pemerintahan Soeharto setelah kesekian kalinya. W.S. Rendra membuat puisi ââ¬Å"mata-mataâ⬠dengan suatu tujuan untuk memprotes sekaligus merefleksikan kondisi sosial masyarakat Indonesia berdasarkan pengalaman pribadinya hidup di jaman itu. Puisi yang akan dibahas ini adalah sebuah puisi yang berjudul ââ¬Å"mata-mataâ⬠karya WS. Rendra. Beliau adalah salah satu penyair terhebat dan paling dikenang di Indonesia sepanjang masa. Bentuk puisi ââ¬Å"mata-... ...si ini ditulis. Sehingga hasil interpretasi bisa menjadi tepat dengan adanya dukungan dari sejarah dan kejadian nyata. 1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data 1.4.1.1 Sumber Primer 1.4.1.2 Sumber Sekunder Sumber sekunder dapat didapatkan dan dikumpulkan melalui puisi ini sendiri, buku dan situs-situs Internet. Informasi yang akan digunakan akan diseleksi dan dipilih secara seksama sehingga informasi yang didapatkan relevan dan terpecaya. Esai ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan mengupas tuntas sebuah puisi yang berjudul ââ¬Å"mata ââ¬â mataâ⬠karya WS. Rendra untuk menjawab sebuah pertanyaan ââ¬Å"bagaimana puisi ââ¬Å"mata ââ¬â mataâ⬠dapat menunjukkan kondisi sosial Indonesia? Dengan cara menganalisa dan mengupas tuntas dengan berbagai teknik dan teori, maka arti dan tujuan dari puisi itu sendiri seakan-akan dapat diperjelas dan lebih nampak agar lebih mudah untuk dimengerti oleh semua orang.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
The Importance of the 14th Amendment
The fourteenth amendment covers equal protection as well as due process. One of the most influential amendments that is still playing a huge role even today in the court system is the equal protection clause. This clause which states in section 1 ââ¬Å"No State shallâ⬠¦ deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. â⬠In section 5, the Amendment establishes the federal civil rights legislation: ââ¬Å"The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. These clauses have been the basis for many court challenges, and ultimately the Supreme Court must decide if discrimination issues are unreasonably discriminatory against a particular group or class of individuals. This country has witnessed laws challenged under this Amendment such as the separate but equal laws, also known as Jim Crow laws. The Supreme Court must use three different tests to determine if a law breaks the equal protection clause .The three tests are to include strict scrutiny, which prevents certain groups from practicing a fundamental right, such as freedom of speech. The law must be a compelling state interest. A law based on a suspect classification such as race falls under this test. There must be justification that a law is written and it is a compelling state interest. The next test is intermediate scrutiny. This is more difficult for the Court to decide on, but under this test, laws based on gender classification are allowed only when they are clearly related to a government issue.The punishment for statutory rape was an example used. Men are punished but women generally arenââ¬â¢t. The reason being, women are the ones who become pregnant, so an over age man who impregnates an under aged girl has left her dealing with the ramifications of his actions. It is not as clear cut with an over aged women and under aged male. Yet having separate drinking ages for males and females does not meet the criter ia of the intermediate scrutiny because it is unreasonable to think there should be any different in the genders in this case.The last test is the rational test. Most laws pass this test as most laws are reasonable. An example given was a city that didnââ¬â¢t want street venders in a certain area of town. The city just needs to show that it is reasonable to not want venders in an area because the city doesnââ¬â¢t want an increase in traffic issues in an area, or any other reasonable justification for prohibiting certain actions. This clause however has been used to eventually overturn the idea that separate but equal is constitutional.In 1955, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated school was a violation and even harmful to children. Much of the civil rights movement was based on this clause, that all people are to be equal under the eyes of the law. Today we are looking at very similar battles going on in our courts. It is no longer an issue of race or even gender, but disab ilities and sexual orientation. Many are fighting for their equal protection under the law. They arenââ¬â¢t asking for special treatment, just equal treatment, as protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
The Old Nurse s Story - 1329 Words
When it comes to Elizabeth Gaskell and her stories, the story titled, ââ¬Å"The Old Nurse s Storyâ⬠, serves as the perfect example of the Gothic elements that were very popular in many authors stories and poems during this period of time. During this time of British literature, Romanticism and Gothic elements were the two main strategic ways of writing and how the audience read and perceived the stories being told. The Gothic element of writing consisted of dark, gloomy and ghostly literature that brought a haunted feel to the each story. Some Gothic stories could consist of ghostly figures haunting the characters in the story or the stories told could be about someone suffering a gruesome death that brought a darkness theme to it. That Gothic feel was very evident in the story by Gaskell because of the supernatural figures that were present as she describes the setting, the description of the characters and the issue that was taking place. Some of those Gothic elements that yo u see throughout the story is the house that seems to be isolated, the mysterious sounds that they continue to hear and the storms outside. These supernatural details give the story the dark and gloomy theme that makes it part of the Gothic period. When discussing the ââ¬Å"The Old Nurse s Storyâ⬠, the general synopsis of the story is about a young orphan girl that is left in the care of her nanny and her aunt that has a bunch of servants. The story starts out like any other typical story but as it continuesShow MoreRelated`` The Signalman `` : The Old Nurse s Story, Saki s The Open Window, And George1715 Words à |à 7 PagesCharles Dickensââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Signalmanâ⬠, Elizabeth Gaskellââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Old Nurseââ¬â¢s Storyâ⬠, Sakiââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Open Windowâ⬠and George Elliotââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Lifted Veilâ⬠all implement the supernatural to either impose a philosophical dilemma, a moral, or poke fun at the Victorian eraââ¬â¢s fascin ation with the supernatural; furthermore, all of the authors utilize their spirits or spiritual gifts to represent various illnesses that manifest in their characters. ââ¬Å"The Signalmanâ⬠utilizes the trolley problem (a thought experimentRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1534 Words à |à 7 Pages The portrayal of women and minorities in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckooââ¬â¢s Nest by Ken Kesey, shows readers the opinions of a majority of the population during the 1960s in which women in power were ridiculed. The bookââ¬â¢s antagonist Nurse Ratched is presented as machine-like, and robotic. This shows how author Ken Kesey dehumanizes women who are in power, and decides to take away all their feminine qualities when they are in power because to Kesey it simply doesn t make sense that a female canRead MoreStory About A Black Old Woman845 Words à |à 4 PagesStory Introduction /Overview: Summery: The story is about a black old women (Phoenix Jackson) and her journey to the city to get the medicine for her grandson throat . She walks for a long distance. She walks through the fence carefully to protect her clothe from being torn. The woman walks through the cotton field and along the narrow hills and passes the muddy track. She faces her fear of wild animals and their sounds during her walk. After the woman passes the muddy track she faced a dogRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest1403 Words à |à 6 Pagesmaking other characters betray one another and reveal their shame. The manner in which the dominant characters attack the other sââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"manhoodâ⬠demonstrates their methods for manipulating the inferior characters under their control. The 4.diverse types of minority groups become 5.conspicuous as the author reveals the 6.inclement and 7.sadistic character, Nurse Ratched, the stories antagonist, , who runs the ward with 8.morbid intentions to 9.desiccate t he courage of the people around her. The power in whichRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path1481 Words à |à 6 Pagesnovelist, Eudora Welty, has written many short stories and novels. Weltyââ¬â¢s work is mainly focused with great precision on the regional manners of people inhabiting a small Mississippi town that resembles her own birthplace and the Delta country. Welty was born on April 13, 1909 and was raised by her close-knit and loving parents. In fact, Welty inherited the love of language from her mother. During her lifetime, Welty has earned many awards from her short stories and novel, such as the Pulitzer Prize thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Mcewan s Atonement 1690 Words à |à 7 Pagesthirteen-year-old girl named Briony Tallis who is the main character of the book.à she is sorta the narrator of the story as the story unfolds through her eyes.à One day she saw her older sister, Cecilia, and Robbie Turner, the son of a servant, who is also a childhood friend of Cecilia flirt with each other.à Although Briony doesn t understand what it all means or implies, or how Cecilia, and Robbie adult interactions would lead to a relationship and a crime.à As Briony begins to tell the story, she doesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. Desensitization and unstable morals are two main themes relevant not only throughout the novel, but in Jacqueline s personal story. Desensitization is one of many mental affects the Vietnam War causedRead MoreAn Evaluation of ââ¬Å¡Ãâà ºA Worn Pathââ¬Å¡Ãâà ¹932 Words à |à 4 PagesAn Evaluation of ââ¬Å"A Worn Pathâ⬠ENG125 07/22/12 The worn path written by Eudora Welty (1941) is a great short story about Phoenix Jackson, an old African American woman who beats all odds to make a trip into town for medicine for her grandson, she overcomes many challenges that test her courage and will. Because of her loyalty and love, Phoenix has sacrificed her own well-being on this dangerous path for the well-being of her grandson. The worn path theme is the love and dedicationRead MoreThe Film One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1267 Words à |à 6 Pagesdescribed in the book, like Nurse Ratched and Chief Bromden. There are also many events and incidents that happen in the book that do not happen in the movie. The movie includes a character or two that was not mentioned in the book and characters are portrayed differently than how they are in the book. The biggest difference between the film and the book is the story s point of view. Chief Bromden is the narrator in the novel. He unfolds the story of all the chaos between Nurse Ratched and Randle McMurphyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1636 Words à |à 7 Pagesand values of many members from her family, the Capulets, which devise her to carry out decisions that she would not normally choose to act upon. Three characters have particularly had the strongest influence on Juliet, which are Lady Capulet, the Nurse, and Lord Capulet. In this play, Lady Capulet is very distant and unsupportive toward Juliet, which her and her materialistic values continue to negatively impact Juliet. Lady Capulet, with her values and attitudes encompassing image and reputation
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